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Hallmarks include information not only about the precious metal and fineness, but the country from which the item was tested and marked. Some hallmarks can reveal even more information, e.g. the assay office, size of the object marked, year the item was hallmarked - referred to as a date mark (also known as date letter). [2]
The symbols on the lower arc of the stamp indicates the caliber (7.7mm, 5.56mm or 7.62mm) and R# or R#M# indicate the model (R) and mark (M) of the cartridge, like the Commonwealth L#A# stamp (e.g., R1M1 is the first model and second Mark of a cartridge). Later, the 2-digit year is in the 12 o'clock position and a digit in the 6 o'clock ...
The BIS system of hallmarking of gold jewellery began in April 2000. The standard specifications governing this system are IS 1417 (grades of gold and gold alloys, jewellery/artefacts), IS 1418 (assaying of gold in gold bullion, gold alloys and gold jewellery/artefacts), IS 2790 (guidelines for manufacture of 14, 18 and 22 carat gold alloys only ), IS 3095 (gold solders for use in manufacture ...
The four wardens of the Goldsmiths’ Company were tasked with visiting workshops in the City of London to assay (test) silver articles. If these articles were found to be below standard they were originally forfeit to the king, but if they passed, each article received the king's mark of authentication which was the mark of a leopard's head.
Historically, the marks were used for few purposes: [5] declaration of the ownership (an ownership mark, for example, livestock branding [6]); identification of the manufacturer and place of origin (manufacturer's mark, maker's mark, later a factory mark); differentiation in order to distinguish between similar items (for example, a date mark).
The Polish Mint logo is the letter M on top of the letter W and comes from Mennica Warszawa or Warsaw Mint Portugal (2007–present) Lisbon INCM: Imprensa Nacional – Casa de Moeda (National Currency – Mint House) abbreviation: Portugal (2020–present) Lisbon CASA DA MOEDA: Mint House text: This mark is only been used on commemorative ...
bag mark. Also called a contact mark. A surface mark, or nick, on a coin, usually from contact with other coins in a mint bag. [1] More often seen on large gold or silver coins. banker's mark A small countermark applied to a coin by a bank or a trader indicating that they consider the coin to be genuine and of legal weight.
The following mint marks indicate which mint the coin was made at: P = Philadelphia Mint. D = Denver Mint. S = San Francisco Mint. 1999 quarters. Delaware.