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Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) and chloride (Cl −) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 2 ]
To translate from mass to molar concentration, the dividend (molar mass and the divisor (1000) in the division change places, or, alternatively, distance to right is changed to distance to left. Substances with a molar mass around 1000g/mol (e.g. thyroxine) are almost vertically aligned in the mass and molar images.
A chloridometer is a measuring instrument used to determine the concentration of chloride ions (Cl –) in a solution.It uses a process known as coulometric titration or amperostatic coulometry, the accepted electrochemistry reference method to determine the concentration of chloride in biological fluids, including blood serum, blood plasma, urine, sweat, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of solution.The SI unit of normality is equivalents per liter (Eq/L). = where N is normality, m sol is the mass of solute in grams, EW sol is the equivalent weight of solute, and V soln is the volume of the entire solution in liters.
Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride.These channels may conduct many different ions, but are named for chloride because its concentration in vivo is much higher than other anions. [1]
From the above definitions it follows that is the first derivative of concentration with respect to time, i.e. the change in concentration with time. It is derived from a mass balance. Clearance of a substance is sometimes expressed as the inverse of the time constant that describes its removal rate from the body divided by its volume of ...
Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). [1] It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of serum chloride is carefully controlled by the kidneys.