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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11]
Treatment for both pregnant and non-pregnant women is usually with metronidazole, [32] by mouth once. [31] Caution should be used in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. [33] Sexual partners, even if they have no symptoms, should also be treated. [23] Single oral dose of nitroimidazole is sufficient to kill the parasites. [34]
[1] [5] [10] It has also been used at a maintenance dose of 600 mg twice weekly for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis suppression. [1] [5] The drug is used to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV). [5] [19] [21] [10] [22] [23] It is specifically used following treatment with or in combination with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole for recurrent ...
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
Metronidazole: Flagyl: Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria; also amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis: Discolored urine, headache, metallic taste, nausea; alcohol is contraindicated: Produces toxic free radicals that disrupt DNA and proteins. This non-specific mechanism is responsible for its activity against a variety of bacteria ...
[19] [58] Other antibiotics related to metronidazole, including tinidazole and the newer secnidazole, are also approved and used to treat BV. [ 9 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] When clindamycin is given to pregnant women symptomatic with BV before 22 weeks of gestation the risk of pre-term birth before 37 weeks of gestation is lower. [ 61 ]
During pregnancy, paromomycin is the preferred treatment drug because of its poor intestinal absorption, resulting in less exposure to the foetus. [64] Alternatively, metronidazole can be used after the first trimester as there has been wide experience in its use for trichomonas in pregnancy. [20] [65]
For people who are symptomatic, it is used after treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Diloxanide generally has mild side effects. [3] Side effects may include flatulence, vomiting, and itchiness. [1] During pregnancy it is recommended that it be taken after the first trimester. [1]