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The ISRA criteria take into account the complex biological and ecological needs of sharks. There are four criteria and seven sub-criteria. Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) are discrete three-dimensional portions of habitat that are important for one or more species of chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaeras) and have the potential to be managed for conservation. [1]
In 2010 a global IUCN study of vertebrates found that of 1,044 cartilaginous (ray and shark) species examined, 345 or 33% were threatened with extinction. [6] [7] There are four orders of rays: stingrays, skates, electric rays and sawfishes. Like sharks, rays are relatively long living and thrive in stable populations.
Rising demands for shark products has increased pressure on shark fisheries, but little monitoring or management occurs of most fisheries. [7] Major declines in shark stocks have been recorded over the past few decades; some species had declined over 90% and population declines of 70% were not unusual by 1998. [8]
The average size of global wildlife populations have declined by 73% in 50 years, a new study by the World Wildlife Fund has found.. The study, titled the 2024 Living Planet Report, monitored ...
The World Wildlife Fund’s Living Planet Report 2022 found that wildlife populations declined by an average 69% since 1970. [1] [2] [3]The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world.
While it's a statistical fact that the shark population is shrinking (a 2021 global study published in Nature found the world’s population of oceanic sharks and rays has fallen by 71%) some ...
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a pervasive issue in the Indo-Pacific region. Reported catch figures often represent only a fraction of the actual catch, exacerbating the problem of overfishing and depletion of shark and ray populations. Some marine protected areas (MPAs) are also affected by high levels of IUU fishing. [2]
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