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Complexity theory emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback loops that constantly change systems. While it proposes that systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by order-generating rules. [6]: 74 Complexity theory has been used in the fields of strategic management and organizational studies.
Continuous complexity theory can also refer to complexity theory of the use of analog computation, which uses continuous dynamical systems and differential equations. [18] Control theory can be considered a form of computation and differential equations are used in the modelling of continuous-time and hybrid discrete-continuous-time systems.
The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
In the weighted set cover problem, each set is assigned a positive weight (representing its cost), and the goal is to find a set cover with a smallest weight. The usual (unweighted) set cover corresponds to all sets having a weight of 1.
In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems. NP is the set of decision problems for which the problem instances , where the answer is "yes", have proofs verifiable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine , or alternatively the set of problems ...
In these applications, one proves that the hardness assumption implies some desired complexity-theoretic statement, instead of proving that the statement is itself true. The best-known assumption of this type is the assumption that P ≠ NP , [ 14 ] but others include the exponential time hypothesis , [ 15 ] the planted clique conjecture , and ...
In algorithmic information theory, the Kolmogorov complexity (also called descriptive complexity, algorithmic complexity or algorithmic entropy) of a string is the length of the shortest binary program that outputs that string. Minimum message length is a practical application of this approach. Different kinds of Kolmogorov complexity are ...
In computational complexity theory, a complexity class is a set of computational problems "of related resource-based complexity". [1] The two most commonly analyzed resources are time and memory . In general, a complexity class is defined in terms of a type of computational problem, a model of computation , and a bounded resource like time or ...