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Buffer capacity falls to 33% of the maximum value at pH = pK a ± 1, to 10% at pH = pK a ± 1.5 and to 1% at pH = pK a ± 2. For this reason the most useful range is approximately p K a ± 1. When choosing a buffer for use at a specific pH, it should have a p K a value as close as possible to that pH.
digital imaging (smallest addressable unit) Power factor: pf = electrical (real power to apparent power) Power number: N p = fluid mechanics, power consumption by rotary agitators; resistance force versus inertia force) Prater number: β
Heat capacity: C p: Energy per unit temperature change J/K L 2 M T −2 Θ −1: extensive Heat flux density: ϕ Q: Heat flow per unit time per unit surface area W/m 2: M T −3: Illuminance: E v: Wavelength-weighted luminous flux per unit surface area lux (lx = cd⋅sr/m 2) L −2 J: Impedance: Z: Resistance to an alternating current of a ...
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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH.
For example, heat capacity is an extensive property of a system. Dividing heat capacity, , by the mass of the system gives the specific heat capacity, , which is an intensive property. When the extensive property is represented by an upper-case letter, the symbol for the corresponding intensive property is usually represented by a lower-case ...
Imagine the following situation: A bucket leaks at 1 unit of water per second, so the limit value, τ and the amount of water added by a packet, T, are effectively in units of seconds. This bucket starts off empty, so when a packet arrives at the bucket, it does not quite fill the bucket by adding its water T , and the bucket is now τ below ...
BET model of multilayer adsorption, that is, a random distribution of sites covered by one, two, three, etc., adsorbate molecules. The concept of the theory is an extension of the Langmuir theory, which is a theory for monolayer molecular adsorption, to multilayer adsorption with the following hypotheses: