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Chapter V of the GDPR forbids the transfer of the personal data of EU data subjects to countries outside of the EEA — known as third countries — unless appropriate safeguards are imposed, or the third country's data protection regulations are formally considered adequate by the European Commission (Article 45).
Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, established by the Council of Europe in 1950 and applicable across the European continent except for Belarus and Kosovo, safeguards the right to privacy. It asserts that "Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence."
For instance, the United States, Singapore, Brazil, and countries in Europe have all developed laws that regulate access to personal data as privacy protection. The European Union states that: "The right of access occupies a central role in EU data protection law's arsenal of data subject empowerment measures."
Compared to the United States, the European Union (EU) has more extensive data protection laws. [ 26 ] The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law , in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union .
Meanwhile, Europe's preoccupation with the US is likely misplaced in the first place, as China and Russia are increasingly identified by European policymakers as "hybrid threat" aggressors, using a combination of propaganda on social media and hacking to intentionally undermine the functioning of European institutions.
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) is a European Union independent body with juridical personality whose purpose is to ensure consistent application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [1] and to promote cooperation among the EU’s data protection authorities.
Both the United States and the European Union officially state that they are committed to upholding information privacy of individuals, but the former has caused friction between the two by failing to meet the standards of the EU's stricter laws on personal data.
Within the context of a series of decisions on the adequacy of the protection of personal data transferred to other countries, [3] the European Commission made a decision in 2000 that the United States' principles did comply with the EU Directive [4] – the so-called Safe Harbor decision. [5]