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Bipolar disorder can also involve depressive episodes, which have the same symptoms that people with major depressive disorder experience. Symptoms of a depressive episode can include : Feeling ...
The model hypothesizes that bipolar disorder may occur when the ventral system is overactivated and the dorsal system is underactivated. [25] Other models suggest the ability to regulate emotions is disrupted in people with bipolar disorder and that dysfunction of the ventricular prefrontal cortex is crucial to this disruption. [25]
Bipolar disorder – mental disorder with cyclical periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. [1] The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania , a severe elevation that can be accompanied by psychosis in some cases, or hypomania , a milder form of mania.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an international standard diagnostic classification for a wide variety of health conditions. The ICD-10 states that mental disorder is "not an exact term", although is generally used "...to imply the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviours associated in most cases with distress and with interference with ...
(2014.) “The prevalence and illness characteristics of DSM-5-defined ‘mixed feature specifier’ in adults with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Results from the International ...
Bipolar I: People with bipolar I disorder have had at least one manic episode along with a period of major depression or less severe mania. People with bipolar I can also have an episode of ...
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926). The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908, [1] [2] and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder. [3]
There is serious debate about the proper relationship between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (first distinguished by Emil Kraepelin in the late 19th century), the related classification of schizoaffective disorder, and the relationship between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder or unipolar disorder.
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