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  2. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

  3. Instruction pipelining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

    In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...

  4. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

    Load IDTR (Interrupt Descriptor Table Register) from memory. [b] The IDTR controls not just the address/size of the IDT (interrupt Descriptor Table) in protected mode, but the IVT (Interrupt Vector Table) in real mode as well. LMSW r/m16: 0F 01 /6: Load MSW (Machine Status Word) from 16-bit register or memory. [c] [d] CLTS: 0F 06

  5. Instruction scheduling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_scheduling

    In computer science, instruction scheduling is a compiler optimization used to improve instruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines with instruction pipelines. Put more simply, it tries to do the following without changing the meaning of the code:

  6. Interrupts in 65xx processors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupts_in_65xx_processors

    The most significant byte (MSB) of the aborted instruction's address is pushed onto the stack. The least significant byte (LSB) of the aborted instruction's address is pushed onto the stack. The status register is pushed onto the stack. The interrupt disable flag is set in the status register. PB is loaded with $00.

  7. HLT (x86 instruction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLT_(x86_instruction)

    For example, hardware timers send interrupts to the CPU at regular intervals. Most operating systems execute a HLT instruction when there is no immediate work to be done, putting the processor into an idle state. In Windows NT, for example, this instruction is run in the "System Idle Process". On x86 processors, the opcode of HLT is 0xF4.

  8. Interrupt vector table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_vector_table

    An interrupt vector table (IVT) is a data structure that associates a list of interrupt handlers with a list of interrupt requests in a table of interrupt vectors. Each entry of the interrupt vector table, called an interrupt vector, is the address of an interrupt handler (also known as ISR). While the concept is common across processor ...

  9. Interrupt descriptor table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_descriptor_table

    The interrupt descriptor table (IDT) is a data structure used by the x86 architecture to implement an interrupt vector table. The IDT is used by the processor to determine the memory addresses of the handlers to be executed on interrupts and exceptions. The details in the description below apply specifically to the x86 architecture.