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All fluoridation methods, including water fluoridation, create low levels of fluoride ions in saliva and plaque fluid, thus exerting a topical or surface effect. A person living in an area with fluoridated water may experience rises of fluoride concentration in saliva to about 0.04 mg/L several times during a day. [3]
The presence of fluoride in saliva and plaque fluid interacts with remineralization process in many ways and thus exerts a topical or surface effect. A person living in an area with fluoridated water may experience rises of fluoride concentration in saliva to about 0.04 mg/L several times during a day. [14]
Using fluorinated water in baby formula may also increase the risk of mild fluorosis, according to the ADA. Kosdon adds that people with kidney disease may also need to avoid high levels of fluoride.
Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply in order to reduce tooth decay. [28] Its use in the U.S. began in the 1940s, following studies of children in a region where water is naturally fluoridated. In 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan became the first city in the world to fluoridate its drinking water.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. says fluoride should be removed from drinking water, but experts say the naturally occurring mineral is safe and improves oral health
Adding fluoride to drinking water may be less effective now than it was in the past, according to a major review. The benefits of fluoridating water supplies appear to have declined since the ...
Fluoride protects tooth enamel from attack by bacteria that cause dental caries (cavities). Although developed by a chemist at Procter and Gamble , its use in toothpaste ( Colgate toothpaste and Ultra Brite ) was patented by Colgate-Palmolive , as Procter and Gamble was engaged in the marketing of Crest toothpaste (containing stannous fluoride ...
Topical fluorides are fluoride-containing drugs indicated in prevention and treatment of dental caries, particularly in children's primary dentitions. [1] The dental-protecting property of topical fluoride can be attributed to multiple mechanisms of action, including the promotion of remineralization of decalcified enamel, the inhibition of the cariogenic microbial metabolism in dental plaque ...