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Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project [1] or the construction of a building. [2] In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels. [3]
The project is then invoiced to the customer based on the actual costs incurred plus the agreed margin. It is essentially the same as what is known (especially in the U.S.) as a cost-plus contract. This contract form is popular to ensure that a competitive price is obtained, for instance in cases where tender competitions are impractical.
In business economics cost breakdown analysis is a method of cost analysis, which itemizes the cost of a certain product or service into its various components, the so-called cost drivers. The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction strategy and a viable opportunity for businesses. [1] [2] [3]
The format of a business plan depends on its presentation context. It is common for businesses, especially start-ups, to have three or four formats for the same business plan. An " elevator pitch " is a short summary of the plan's executive summary.
The business model canvas is a strategic management template that is used for developing new business models and documenting existing ones. [2] [3] It offers a visual chart with elements describing a firm's or product's value proposition, [4] infrastructure, customers, and finances, [1] assisting businesses to align their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs.
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]
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An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...