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Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. [1] Although it is often studied in the model organism E. coli, other bacteria show many similarities. [2] Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication (OriC). [3]
DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. [1] Based on the Replicon Model, a positively active initiator molecule contacts with a particular spot on a circular chromosome called the replicator to start DNA replication. [2] It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at oriC. [1]
In eukaryotic replication, the primase forms a complex with Pol α. [35] Multiple DNA polymerases take on different roles in the DNA replication process. In E. coli, DNA Pol III is the polymerase enzyme primarily responsible for DNA replication. It assembles into a replication complex at the replication fork that exhibits extremely high ...
The initiator is the protein that recognizes the replicator and activates replication initiation. [ 1 ] Sometimes in bacteriology , the term "replicon" is only used to refer to chromosomes containing a single origin of replication and therefore excludes the genomes of archaea and eukaryotes which can have several origins.
A licensing factor is a protein or complex of proteins that allows an origin of replication to begin DNA replication at that site. Licensing factors primarily occur in eukaryotic cells, since bacteria use simpler systems to initiate replication. However, many archaea use homologues of eukaryotic licensing factors to initiate replication. [1]
Formation of the pre-replication complex during late M and early G1 phase is required for genome replication, but after the genome has been replicated the pre-RC must not form again until the next cell cycle. In prokaryotes, various studies have demonstrated that the pre-RC is a complex that is only present for a fraction of the cell cycle.
The replication of bacteriophage T4 DNA upon infection of E. coli is a well-studied DNA replication system. During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37°C, the rate of elongation is 749 nucleotides per second. [11] The mutation rate during replication is 1.7 mutations per 10 8 base pairs. [12]
In eukaryotes, nucleosome structures can complicate replication initiation. [4] They can block access of DUE-B's to the DUE, thus suppressing transcription initiation. [4] Can impede on rate. The linear nature of eukaryotic DNA, vs prokaryotic circular DNA, though, is easier to unwind its duplex once has been properly unwound from nucleosome. [4]