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  2. Circular chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_chromosome

    A circular chromosome is a chromosome in bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in the form of a molecule of circular DNA, unlike the linear chromosome of most eukaryotes. Most prokaryote chromosomes contain a circular DNA molecule. This has the major advantage of having no free ends to the DNA.

  3. Prokaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

    The complex contains a single circular chromosome, a cyclic, double-stranded molecule of stable chromosomal DNA, in contrast to the multiple linear, compact, highly organized chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells. [55] In addition, many important genes of prokaryotes are stored in separate circular DNA structures called plasmids. [56]

  4. Circular DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_DNA

    Circular DNA is DNA that forms a closed loop and has no ends. Examples include: Plasmids, mobile genetic elements; cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside cell nuclei; Circular bacterial chromosomes; Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and that of other plastids; Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA)

  5. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    The DNA of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single circular chromosome that is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. The nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes are the smallest of all organisms, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 μm in diameter. [1] [page needed] A prokaryotic cell has three regions:

  6. Nucleoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoid

    The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. [1] [2] [3] The chromosome of a typical prokaryote is circular, and its length is very large compared to the cell dimensions, so it needs to be compacted in order to fit.

  7. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell makes up its genome; the human genome has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA arranged into 46 chromosomes. [96] The information carried by DNA is held in the sequence of pieces of DNA called genes.

  8. Origin of replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_replication

    Models for bacterial (A) and eukaryotic (B) DNA replication initiation. A) Circular bacterial chromosomes contain a cis-acting element, the replicator, that is located at or near replication origins. i) The replicator recruits initiator proteins in a DNA sequence-specific manner, which results in melting of the DNA helix and loading of the ...

  9. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    These are circular structures in the cytoplasm that contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer. [5] In prokaryotes and viruses, [32] the DNA is often densely packed and organized; in the case of archaea, by homology to eukaryotic histones, and in the case of bacteria, by histone-like proteins.