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Slaves were trafficked to the Ottoman Empire via three main routes: the Trans-Saharan slave trade via Egypt and Libya; the Red Sea slave trade across the Red Sea; and the Indian Ocean slave trade from East Africa via the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Peninsula. These slave routes were all inherited from the previous Muslim Empire.
In the 1840s, the slave market in Istanbul was the biggest in the Ottoman Empire and Europe. Slaves were trafficked to it from the Circassian slave trade, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade. The public sale of slaves in the Ottoman capital shocked foreign visitors from the West and created ...
The Kanunname of 1889 was the first Ottoman law against slavery to be enforced by the Ottoman authorities. While slavery as such continued to be tolerated, the African slave trade was reduced from the 1890s onward. [8] The slave trade did, however, continue in a smaller scale until the end of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century, where slaves ...
Concubinage was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution. [154] [155] Ottoman painting of Balkan children taken as soldier-slaves. A member of the Ottoman slave class, called a kul in Turkish, could achieve high status.
The Crimean slave trade was the main source of income of the Khanate, and one of the biggest sources of slaves to the Ottoman Empire. The Crimean slave trade in Eastern Europe, and the Barbary slave trade in West and South Europe, were the two main sources of European slaves to the Ottoman Empire.
Slavery was a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy. Slaves were supplied from Europe via the Barbary slave trade , the Crimean slave trade and the Circassian slave trade ; and from Africa via the Trans-Saharan slave trade , the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade .
In 1855, the trade in African slaves to Crete and Janina was banned. [2] This was a ban against one route of the African slave trade to the Ottoman Empire. In 1857, British pressure resulted in the Ottoman Sultan issuing a firman (decree) that prohibited the slave trade from the Sudan to Ottoman Egypt and across the Red Sea to Ottoman Hijaz. [3]
The Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf, refers to the Imperial Firman or Ferman issued by Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1847. [1] It formally prohibited the import of African slaves to Ottoman territory via the Indian Ocean slave trade of the Persian Gulf. The decree did not address the other slave trade routes trafficking slaves to ...