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In engineering, span is the distance between two adjacent structural supports (e.g., two piers) of a structural member (e.g., a beam). Span is measured in the horizontal direction either between the faces of the supports (clear span) or between the centers of the bearing surfaces (effective span): [1] A span can be closed by a solid beam or by ...
A flitch beam (or flitched beam) is a compound beam used in the construction of houses, decks, and other primarily wood-frame structures. Typically, the flitch beam is made up of a vertical steel plate sandwiched between two wood beams, the three layers being held together with bolts .
The beams are continuously formed, so the length of the beam is limited only to the maximum length that can be handled and transported. Typical widths are 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 5 + 1 ⁄ 4 or 7 inches (89, 133 or 178 mm); typical depths are 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 11 + 7 ⁄ 8 , 14, 16 and 18 inches (240, 300, 360, 410 and 460 mm).
L is the length of the support (outer) span; b is width; d is thickness; For the 4 pt bend setup, if the loading span is 1/2 of the support span (i.e. L i = 1/2 L in Fig. 4): = If the loading span is neither 1/3 nor 1/2 the support span for the 4 pt bend setup (Fig. 4): Fig. 4 - Beam under 4 point bending
In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing [1] (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. [2] The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc., is in a given section.
For simple geometries such as double span beams under uniformly distributed loads, the governing equations can be solved by using appropriate boundary conditions and using the superposition principle. Such results are listed in the standard DIN EN 14509:2006 [5] (Table E10.1). Energy methods may also be used to compute solutions directly.
Double tee structure is an alternative for short to medium spans between 40 and 90 feet (12 and 27 m). There are many standards such as double-tee beam of Texas Department of Transportation and the Northeast Extreme Tee (NEXT) Beam of the Northeast. [8] A benefit of using double tees for bridge replacements is to shorten the construction time.
A flitch beam is a simple form of composite construction sometimes used in North American light frame construction. [3] This occurs when a steel plate is sandwiched between two wood joists and bolted together. A flitch beam can typically support heavier loads over a longer span than an all-wood beam of the same cross section.
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