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Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or altogether the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
Thus, legal status is "a feature of individuals and their relationships to the law." [5] Tiffany Graham added to Balkin's definition: "legal status refers to a set of characteristics that define an individual's membership in an official class, as a consequence of which rights, duties, capacities and/or incapacities are acquired." [6]
Capacity in English law refers to the ability of a contracting party to enter into legally binding relations. If a party does not have the capacity to do so, then subsequent contracts may be invalid; however, in the interests of certainty , there is a prima facie presumption that both parties hold the capacity to contract.
[a] Many countries have embodied the immunities in domestic law. [b] States regularly assert that every official acting in an official capacity is immune from prosecution by foreign authorities (for non-international crimes) under the doctrine of ratione materiae.
In law, individual capacity is a term of art referring to one's status as a natural person, distinct from any other role. [ 1 ] For example, an officer , employee or agent of a corporation , acting "in their individual capacity" is acting as an individual, rather than as an agent of the corporation.
Although the U.S. president is frequently sued in his governmental capacity, he normally is not sued in his personal capacity as being personally liable. [11] In 1982, the Supreme Court held in Nixon v. Fitzgerald that the president enjoys absolute immunity from civil litigation for official acts undertaken while in office. [11]
According to the US Department of Justice, the term "foreign official" is defined as: . any officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any such government or department, agency, or instrumentality, or for or on behalf of any such ...
In the United States, qualified immunity is a judicial doctrine that protects government actors from personal liability for violating statutory laws or constitutional rights while acting in their official capacity unless the violated law or right is "clearly established of which a reasonable person would have known". [1]