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Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
In order of frequency of use, these clefs were: F, c, f, C, D, a, g, e, Γ, B, and the round and square b. [13] In later medieval music, the round b was often written in addition to another clef letter to indicate that B ♭ rather than B ♮ was to be used throughout a piece; this is the origin of the key signature.
Note names are also used for specifying the natural scale of a transposing instrument such as a clarinet, trumpet, or saxophone. The note names used are conventional, for example a clarinet is said to be in B ♭, E ♭, or A (the three most common registers), never in A ♯, and D ♯, and B (double-flat), while an alto flute is in G. [2]
A lead sheet specifies only the melody, lyrics and harmony, using one staff with chord symbols placed above and lyrics below. It is commonly used in popular music and in jazz to capture the essential elements of song without specifying the details of how the song should be arranged or performed.
There can be up to seven sharps in a key signature, appearing in this order: F ♯ C ♯ G ♯ D ♯ A ♯ E ♯ B ♯. [9] [10] The key note or tonic of a piece in a major key is a semitone above the last sharp in the signature. [11] For example, the key of D major has a key signature of F ♯ and C ♯, and the tonic (D) is a semitone above C
A typical five-line staff. In Western musical notation, the staff [1] [2] (UK also stave; [3] plural: staffs or staves), [1] also occasionally referred to as a pentagram, [4] [5] [6] is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch or in the case of a percussion staff, different percussion instruments.
It is usually placed above the staff and at the ends of phrases. Its function is analogous to the comma in several written languages. Indeed, a common notation for the breath mark looks very similar to a written comma. A common misconception is that breath marks indicate a bow lift to bowed string instruments.
Tenuto is notated three ways: . The word tenuto written above the passage to be played tenuto.; The abbreviation ten. written above the note or passage to be played tenuto.; A horizontal line, roughly the length of a notehead, placed immediately above or below the note to be played tenuto.