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Liquid cooling is typically combined with air cooling, using liquid cooling for the hottest components, such as CPUs or GPUs, while retaining the simpler and cheaper air cooling for less demanding components. The IBM Aquasar system uses hot water cooling to achieve energy efficiency, the water being used to heat buildings as well. [40] [41]
Immersion cooling is an IT cooling practice by which servers are completely or partially immersed in a dielectric fluid that has significantly higher thermal conductivity than air. Heat is removed from the system by putting the coolant in direct contact with hot components, and circulating the heated liquid through heat exchangers .
It is mainly used for cooling electronics. Different molecular formulations are available with a variety of boiling points , allowing it to be used in "single-phase" applications, where it remains a liquid, or for "two-phase" applications, where the liquid boils to remove additional heat by evaporative cooling .
Liquid cooling refers to cooling by means of the convection or circulation of a liquid. Examples of liquid cooling technologies include: Cooling by convection or circulation of coolant, including water cooling; Liquid cooling and ventilation garments, worn by astronauts; Liquid metal cooled reactors; Radiators (engine cooling) Cooling towers
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) is a fluorinated ketone with the structural formula CF 3 CF 2 C(=O)CF(CF 3) 2, a fully-fluorinated analog of ethyl isopropyl ketone.It is used as an electronics coolant liquid and fire protection fluid sold commercially by 3M under brand names such as Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK-5-1-12.
3M produces hydrofluoroether compounds under the names Novec 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7500, and 7700 as liquid coolants for many applications including full immersion cooling of computer electronics. [ 3 ]
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A case fan may be mounted on a radiator attached to the case, simultaneously operating to cool a liquid cooling device's working fluid and to ventilate the case. In laptops, a single blower fan often cools a heat sink connected to both CPU and GPU using heat pipes. In gaming laptops and mobile workstations, two or more heavy duty fans may be used.