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The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz), officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich (lit. ' Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich ' ), [ 1 ] was a law that gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor – the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or ...
After his appointment, he wanted the Reichstag to pass an "enabling act" to allow his government to pass laws directly, without the support of the Reichstag. [6] Lacking the two-thirds supermajority necessary to pass such an act, Hindenburg dissolved the Reichstag on 31 January. [7] In the resulting election, the Nazis won 43.9% of the vote. [8]
The enabling act on 24 February 1923, originally limited until 1 June but extended until 31 October, empowered the cabinet to resist the occupation of the Ruhr. [3] There was an enabling act on 13 October 1923 and an enabling act on 8 December 1923 that would last until the dissolution of the Reichstag on 13 March 1924. [4]
The date set for the elections was 5 March 1933. [9] Hitler hoped to abolish democracy in a quasi-legal fashion, by passing the Enabling Act. The Enabling Act was a special law that gave the Chancellor the power to pass laws by decree, without the involvement of the Reichstag. These special powers would remain in effect for four years, after ...
At the March 1933 elections, again no single party secured a majority. Hitler required the vote of the Centre Party and Conservatives in the Reichstag to obtain the powers he desired. He called on Reichstag members to vote for the Enabling Act on 23 March 1933. Hitler was granted plenary powers "temporarily" by the passage of the Act. [107]
Instead, the government reserves the right to inform the Reichstag of its measures and, if necessary, seek its approval for specific reasons. The Enabling Act should be seen as a kind of emergency law, applicable only "to implement vital measures." [4] The speech concludes with Hitler referring to the approval from the German people.
On 23 March 1933, the Enabling Act, an amendment to the Weimar Constitution, passed in the Reichstag by a vote of 444 to 94. [23] This amendment allowed Hitler and his cabinet to pass laws—even laws that violated the constitution—without the consent of the president or the Reichstag. [24]
The Nazi government used the emergency powers granted to it by the Enabling Act to issue the "Provisional Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich" on 31 March 1933. This decree dissolved the duly-elected sitting state parliaments of the German länder except for the Prussian landtag that was elected on 5 March and which the Nazis ...