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  2. Liquefaction of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction_of_gases

    Air is liquefied by the Linde process, in which air is alternately compressed, cooled, and expanded, each expansion results in a considerable reduction in temperature. With the lower temperature the molecules move more slowly and occupy less space, so the air changes phase to become liquid.

  3. Liquid oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_oxygen

    Liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point at −196 °C (77 K) than oxygen's −183 °C (90 K), and vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air: when most of the nitrogen has evaporated from such a vessel, there is a risk that liquid oxygen remaining can react violently with organic material.

  4. Liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction

    As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to allow separation of the constituents, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and the noble gases." [4] Another is the conversion of solid coal into a liquid form usable as a substitute for liquid fuels. [5]

  5. Air separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_separation

    A nitrogen generator Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves. Pressure swing adsorption provides separation of oxygen or nitrogen from air without liquefaction. The process operates around ambient temperature; a zeolite (molecular sponge) is exposed to high pressure air, then the air is released and an adsorbed film of the desired gas is released.

  6. Oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

    2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air. [53] Liquid oxygen may also be condensed from air using liquid nitrogen as a coolant. [54] Liquid oxygen is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials. [54]

  7. Industrial gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_gas

    Air separation plants refine air in a separation process and so allow the bulk production of nitrogen and argon in addition to oxygen - these three are often also produced as cryogenic liquid. To achieve the required low distillation temperatures, an Air Separation Unit (ASU) uses a refrigeration cycle that operates by means of the Joule ...

  8. Cryogenic gas plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_gas_plant

    A cryogenic gas plant is an industrial facility that creates molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, argon, krypton, helium, and xenon at relatively high purity. [1] As air is made up of nitrogen, the most common gas in the atmosphere, at 78%, with oxygen at 19%, and argon at 1%, with trace gasses making up the rest, cryogenic gas plants separate air inside a distillation column at cryogenic ...

  9. Liquefied gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_gas

    Liquefied gas (sometimes referred to as liquid gas) is a gas that has been turned into a liquid by cooling or compressing it. Examples of liquefied gases include liquid air , liquefied natural gas , and liquefied petroleum gas .

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