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Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B 3). [2] Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhea, dementia, and sores in the mouth. [1] Areas of the skin exposed to friction and radiation are typically affected first. [1] Over time affected skin may become darker, stiffen, peel, or bleed. [1] [3]
[5] [6] It is a water-soluble vitamin. Side effects are minimal. [7] [8] At high doses, liver problems may occur. [7] Normal amounts are safe for use during pregnancy. [9] Nicotinamide is in the vitamin B family of medications, specifically the vitamin B 3 complex. [10] [11] It is an amide of nicotinic acid. [7]
A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B 3 in the diet. Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. [7]
Example of a label showing the amount of niacin (Vitamin B3), and specifying to be niacinamide in the ingredient section.. The United States adopted in 1942 the terms niacin to nicotinic acid and niacinamide to nicotinamide to avoid references to nicotine, [12] [13] the terms were incorporated into the United States Adopted Name [14] that was created later in 1961.
High levels of niacin, an essential B vitamin, may raise the risk of heart disease by triggering inflammation and damaging blood vessels, according to new research.
A deficiency of riboflavin can be primary (i.e. caused by poor vitamin sources in the regular diet) or secondary, which may be a result of conditions that affect absorption in the intestine. Secondary deficiencies are typically caused by the body not being able to use the vitamin, or by an increased rate of excretion of the vitamin. [ 10 ]
The historic importance of vitamin C deficiency relates to occurrence on long sea-going voyages, when the ship food supplies had no good source of the vitamin. Deficiency results in scurvy when plasma concentrations fall below 0.2 mg/dL, whereas the normal plasma concentration range is 0.4 to 1.5 mg/dL.
A century ago, iodine deficiency affected kids across large swaths of the country. Although most people are still getting enough, researchers have increasingly been reporting low levels of iodine ...