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  2. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive_capsulitis_of_the...

    Physical therapy is recommended to provide a treatment for the condition. The three stages to adhesive capsulitis are freezing, frozen, and thawing. During the freezing stage, there is a significant increase in pain in the night hours. The Frozen stage is where the shoulder loses its range of motion and becomes stiff.

  3. Joint injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_injection

    The needle size, length and type should be selected based on the site, depth and patient's body habitus. 22–24G needles are sufficed for most injections. [1] As an example, ultrasound-guided hip joint injection [16] can be considered when symptoms persist despite initial treatment options such as activity modification, analgesia and physical ...

  4. Manipulation under anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_under_anesthesia

    Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) or fibrosis release procedures [1] is a noninvasive procedure to treat chronic pain which has been unmanageable by other methods. MUA is designed not only to relieve pain, but also to break up excessive scar tissue that builds up after orthopedic surgery.

  5. Cortisone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisone

    Cortisone is a pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone.It is a naturally-occurring corticosteroid metabolite that is also used as a pharmaceutical prodrug. Cortisol is converted by the action of the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 into the inactive metabolite cortisone, particularly in the kidneys.

  6. Shoulder impingement syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_impingement_syndrome

    Conservative treatment includes rest, cessation of painful activity, and physical therapy. Physical therapy treatments would typically focus at maintaining range of movement, improving posture, strengthening shoulder muscles, and reduction of pain. NSAIDs and ice packs may be used for pain relief. [4] [20]

  7. Steroid-induced skin atrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid-induced_skin_atrophy

    This is useful for maintaining control of chronic diseases. Generally a milder topical steroid or non-steroid treatment is used on the in-between days. [12] For treating atopic dermatitis, newer (second generation) corticosteroids, such as fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate, are more effective and safer than older ones. They are also ...

  8. Prolotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolotherapy

    Prolotherapy, also called proliferation therapy, is an injection-based treatment used in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. [1] It has been characterised as an alternative medicine practice. [ 2 ]

  9. Spencer technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_technique

    The Spencer technique (also known as the "7 stages of Spencer") is an articulatory technique used in Osteopathic medicine to help relieve restriction and pain at the shoulder. [1] Although variations exist, normally 7 steps are included. [2] Indications for the Spencer technique include adhesive capsulitis. [3] The following is a common ...