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In doing so, Cromwell found a way to enrich the Crown’s struggling treasury. This action would also continue to limit the clergy’s authority. [14] In reality, the corruption of the clergy was most likely not as severe as Cromwell purported, and most laity seemed satisfied that their spiritual and pastoral needs were being met. [15]
Second Act of Dissolution; Henry VIII intervenes to halt the doctrinal reformation 1540, 6 January Henry marries Anne of Cleves: 1540, 9 July Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled 1540, 28 July Thomas Cromwell is beheaded 1540, 30 July Robert Barnes is burned at the stake 1540, 30 July Thomas Abel is hanged, drawn and quartered. 1543
Thomas Cromwell (/ ˈ k r ɒ m w əl,-w ɛ l /; [1] [a] c. 1485 – 28 July 1540), briefly Earl of Essex, was an English statesman and lawyer who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 to 1540, when he was beheaded on orders of the king, who later blamed false charges for the execution.
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Cromwell's programme, assisted by Anne Boleyn's influence over episcopal appointments, was not merely against the clergy and the power of Rome. He persuaded Henry that safety from political alliances that Rome might attempt to bring together lay in negotiations with the German Lutheran princes of the Schmalkaldic League .
It is considered by many historians to be the key legal foundation of the English Reformation. The Act, drafted by Thomas Cromwell on behalf of King Henry VIII of England , forbade all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters, making the King the final legal authority in all such matters in England , Wales , and other English ...
George Bernard was born in London and educated at Reading School, before moving to Oxford to take degrees at St. Catherine's College.He was awarded his DPhil in 1978 with a thesis entitled "The Fourth and Fifth Earls of Shrewsbury: A Study in the Power of Early Tudor Nobility", which he later revised into monograph form. [3]
In July, however, Cromwell was attainted, the marriage between the King and Anne of Cleves was annulled and Barnes was convicted of heresy and sentenced to execution by burning. On 30 July, 1540, Barnes and five other religious dissidents were drawn on hurdles from the Tower of London to Smithfield for execution. In a deeply ironic moment, each ...