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Specific gravity is commonly measured with urine test strips, but refractometers may also be used. [41] Reagent strip readings are based on the concentration of ions in the sample, while refractometer readings are affected by other substances such as glucose and protein. [42]
Urine osmolality — measure of the solute concentration of urine [16] Urine specific gravity ― another measure of urine concentration [16] Urine electrolyte levels — measurement of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium in urine [17] Urine anion gap — used to distinguish between some causes of metabolic acidosis [18]
The detection limit of a test is the concentration at which the test starts to turn from negative to positive. Although the detection limit may vary between urine samples, the detection limit is defined as the concentration of the analyte that results in a positive reaction in 90% of the examined urines.
If potassium is being lost through the kidneys, urine potassium will likely be high. If urine potassium is low, this suggests a non-renal cause. [7] Urinary calcium (Ca) – per day: 2.5: 6.25: mmol / 24 h: An abnormally high level is called hypercalciuria and an abnormally low rate is called hypocalciuria. 14637-3: 100 [8] 250 [8] mg / 24 ...
A simple nitrite test can be performed by adding 4 M sulfuric acid to the sample until acidic, and then adding 0.1 M iron(II) sulfate to the solution. A positive test for nitrite is indicated by a dark brown solution, arising from the iron-nitric oxide complex ion.
The net reaction between an aldehyde (or an alpha-hydroxy-ketone) and the copper(II) ions in Benedict's solution may be written as: RCHO + 2 Cu 2+ + 5 OH − → RCOO − + Cu 2 O + 3 H 2 O. The hydroxide ions in the equation forms when sodium carbonate dissolves in water. With the citrate included, the reaction becomes:
Fluctuating cholesterol levels means that a person has cholesterol levels that change significantly in a short period of time, like from year to year, Segil explains. But this isn't common.
The anion gap is the quantity difference between cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) in serum, plasma, or urine. The magnitude of this difference (i.e., "gap") in the serum is calculated to identify metabolic acidosis. If the gap is greater than normal, then high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed.
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