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Herod the Great medallion from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum, 16th century. Herod was born around 72 BCE [11] [12] in Idumea, south of Judea.He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranking official under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess from Petra, in present-day Jordan.
41 BCE (): Herod the Great begins reign in Jerusalem, which year corresponds to the 3rd year of 185th Olympiad. [114] 34 BCE (): Battle of Actium, corresponds with 2nd year of 187th Olympiad, and seventh year of King Herod's reign [115] 7 BCE (): Death of King Herod the Great, after reigning 34 years from his taking Jerusalem. [116]
The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great who assumed the throne of Judea, with Roman support, bringing down the century-old Hasmonean Kingdom. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4 BCE, when it was divided among his sons and daughter as a tetrarchy , which lasted for about 10 years.
Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, replacing the Hasmonean dynasty with the Herodian dynasty. 6-4: Jesus of Nazareth was born in Bethlehem, Herodian Kingdom. Birth of Jesus by Hans Pleydenwurff
King Herod has become known among the archaeologists as Herod the Builder, and under his reign Judea experienced an unprecedented construction, still obtaining an impact on the landscape of the region. Under his enterprise, such projects as the Masada fortress, the Herodion and the great port of Caesarea Maritima were built.
Following Roman General Publius Ventidius Bassus' defeat of the Parthians in Northern Syria, Herod and Roman General Gaius Sosius wrest Judea from Antigonus II Mattathias, culminating in the siege of the city. [27] [28] 37–35 BCE: Herod the Great builds the Antonia Fortress, named after Mark Antony, on the site of the earlier Hasmonean Baris ...
The Gospel of Luke uses the census to date the birth of Jesus, which the Gospel of Matthew places in the time of Herod the Great (who died between 5 BCE and 1 CE). Most critical scholars acknowledge that Luke is in error, while some religious scholars have attempted to defend the gospel, sometimes invoking unproven claims.
Herod is awarded large swathes of northern territory by emperor Augustus to add to his kingdom. [45] Citizens of Gadara appeal to Augustus to be excluded from Herod's kingdom. [46] 19 BCE – King Herod the Great further extends the Temple Mount's natural plateau and rebuilds the temple. [47] c. 10 BCE – Caesarea is completed. [48]