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The detonation velocity values presented here are typically for the highest practical density which maximizes achievable detonation velocity. [ 1 ] The velocity of detonation is an important indicator for overall energy and power of detonation, and in particular for the brisance or shattering effect of an explosive which is due to the ...
In probability theory and statistics, the exponential distribution or negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution of the distance between events in a Poisson point process, i.e., a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate; the distance parameter could be any meaningful mono-dimensional measure of the process, such as time ...
In aerodynamics, the normal shock tables are a series of tabulated data listing the various properties before and after the occurrence of a normal shock wave. [1] With a given upstream Mach number, the post-shock Mach number can be calculated along with the pressure, density, temperature, and stagnation pressure ratios.
Composition B was extremely common in Western nations' munitions and was the standard explosive filler from early World War II until the early 1950s, when less sensitive explosives such as Composition H6 began to replace it in many weapons.
For example, a 1990 U.S. Army technical manual stipulated that Class IV composition C-4 consists of 89.9±1% RDX, 10±1% polyisobutylene, and 0.2±0.02% dye that is itself made up of 90% lead chromate and 10% lamp black. [7] RDX classes A, B, E, and H are all suitable for use in C-4. Classes are measured by granulation. [10]
Once again, the molar volume is used to calculate the mass concentration, or mass density, but the reference fluid is a single component fluid, and the reduced density is independent of the relative molar mass. In mathematical terms this is
Favre averaging is the density-weighted averaging method, used in variable density or compressible turbulent flows, in place of the Reynolds averaging.The method was introduced formally by the French physicist Alexandre Favre in 1965, [1] [2] although Osborne Reynolds had also already introduced the density-weighted averaging in 1895. [3]
where is bulk density given in g/cm 3, is P-wave velocity given in ft/s, and and are empirically derived constants that depend on the geology. Gardner et al. proposed that one can obtain a good fit by taking α = 0.23 {\displaystyle \alpha =0.23} and β = 0.25 {\displaystyle \beta =0.25} . [ 1 ]
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