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It led to considerable deinstitutionalization. In 1955, Congress passed the Mental Health Study Act, leading to the establishment of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Mental Health. [2] That Commission issued a report in 1961, [3] which would become the basis of the 1963 Act. [2]
In 1963–1978, Irish psychiatric hospitalisation rates were 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 times that of England. Health Boards were set up in 1970 and the Health (Mental Services) Act 1981 was passed in order to prevent the wrongful hospitalisation of individuals. In the 1990s, there was still about 25,000 patients in the asylums. [67] [68]
The deinstitutionalization movement started off slowly but gained momentum as it adopted philosophies from the Civil Rights Movement. [1] During the 1960s, deinstitutionalization increased dramatically, and the average length of stay within mental institutions decreased by more than half. [ 1 ]
[5] [page needed] In 1963 the Community Mental Health Centers Act was passed, essentially kick-starting the community mental health revolution. This Act contributed further to deinstitutionalization by moving mental patients into their "least restrictive" environments. [8] The Community Mental Health Centers Act funded three main initiatives:
1963 – Public Law 88-164, also called the Community Mental Health Act, became law in the U.S., and it authorized funding for developmental research centers in university affiliated facilities and community facilities for people with intellectual disability; it was the first federal law directed to help people with developmental disabilities.
Deinstitutionalisation largely occurred in the US between 1941 and 1980. [1] [2] In the US it was a consequence of the Social Security Act of 1935 (SSA), which allowed Aid to Dependent Children to be passed, and meant that children could no longer be removed from their families due to poverty alone. [3]
The Social Security Fairness Act, one of the most bipartisan bills in Congress this session, aims to repeal WEP and GPO. The House voted to pass the legislation Nov. 12, and the Senate approved it ...
The 1963 Community Mental Health Act led to deinstitutionalization. The act provided for local outpatient facilities and drug therapy as a more effective means of allowing patients to live near-normal lives. The first community-based center for mental health was established at St. Elizabeths in 1969. [8]