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  2. Premise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise

    A premise or premiss [a] is a proposition—a true or false declarative statement—used in an argument to prove the truth of another proposition called the conclusion. [1] Arguments consist of a set of premises and a conclusion. An argument is meaningful for its conclusion only when all of its premises are true. If one or more premises are ...

  3. Syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism

    From the example above, humans, mortal, and Greeks: mortal is the major term, and Greeks the minor term. The premises also have one term in common with each other, which is known as the middle term; in this example, humans. Both of the premises are universal, as is the conclusion. Major premise: All mortals die. Minor premise: All men are mortals.

  4. Premise (narrative) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premise_(narrative)

    The premise of a text such as a book, film, or screenplay is the initial state of affairs that drives the plot.. Most premises can be expressed very simply, and many films can be identified simply from a short sentence describing the premise.

  5. Begging the question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question

    Historically, begging the question refers to a fault in a dialectical argument in which the speaker assumes some premise that has not been demonstrated to be true. In modern usage, it has come to refer to an argument in which the premises assume the conclusion without supporting it. This makes it an example of circular reasoning. [1] [2]

  6. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    Premises and conclusions are normally seen as propositions. A proposition is a statement that makes a claim about what is the case. In this regard, propositions act as truth-bearers: they are either true or false. [18] [19] [3] For example, the sentence "The water is boiling." expresses a proposition since it can be true or false.

  7. Rule of inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_inference

    For example, the rule of inference called modus ponens takes two premises, one in the form "If p then q" and another in the form "p", and returns the conclusion "q". The rule is valid with respect to the semantics of classical logic (as well as the semantics of many other non-classical logics ), in the sense that if the premises are true (under ...

  8. Inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference

    To show that this form is invalid, we demonstrate how it can lead from true premises to a false conclusion. All apples are fruit. (True) All bananas are fruit. (True) Therefore, all bananas are apples. (False) A valid argument with a false premise may lead to a false conclusion, (this and the following examples do not follow the Greek syllogism):

  9. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs.