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Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid.It is known to cause legionellosis [3] (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. [3]
Legionella pneumophila, the primary causative agent for Legionnaire's disease, is an aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium. [1] [2] L. pneumophila is a intracellular parasite that preferentially infects soil amoebae and freshwater protozoa for replication.
A legionellosis is any disease caused by Legionella, including Legionnaires' disease (a pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (a related upper respiratory tract infection), [10] but Legionnaires' disease is the most common, so mentions of legionellosis often refer to Legionnaires' disease. The bacterium is found naturally in fresh water. [4]
Legionella organisms’ dependence on L-cysteine and their unique fatty acids and isoprenoid ubiquinone distinguish them from other aerobic bacteria. [6] Like other Legionella species, L. cherrii does not form spores and is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. [1] The genome size was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 and found to be 3.7 Mb. [7]
AnkB F-Box is a protein excreted by Legionella pneumophila which contains a domain F-box. F-box proteins are involved in the ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the proteasome. AnkB F-box is a protein that assembles host cell polyubiquitinated proteins on the cytoplasmatic side of Legionella containing vacuole (LCV). [1]
Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes used for the delivery of virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope to the exterior environment. [28] Intracellular bacterial pathogens invade eukaryotic cells (which may lead to the formation of phagolysosomes and/or autophagy activation), or bacteria may be engulfed by phagocytes ...
Green tea-flavored yōkan, a popular Japanese red bean jelly made from agar A blood agar plate used to culture bacteria and diagnose infection. Agar (/ ˈ eɪ ɡ ɑːr / or / ˈ ɑː ɡ ər /), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance consisting of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, primarily from "ogonori" and "tengusa" (Gelidiaceae).
Several parameters have been used to describe the structure of a porin protein. They include the tilting angle (α), shear number (S), strand number (n), and barrel radius (R). [6] The tilting angle refers to the angle relative to the membrane. The shear number (S) is the number of amino acid residues found in each β strands.