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The lateral pterygoid muscle (or external pterygoid muscle) is a muscle of mastication. It has two heads. It lies superior to the medial pterygoid muscle. It is supplied by pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery, and the lateral pterygoid nerve (from the mandibular nerve, CN V 3). It depresses and protrudes the mandible. When each muscle ...
the lateral pterygoid muscle superiorly; the inferior border of the mandible (lingual surface) inferiorly; the medial pterygoid muscle medially (the space is superficial to medial pterygoid) the ascending ramus of the mandible laterally (the space is deep to the ramus of the mandible)
The temporalis (the sphenomandibularis is considered a part of the temporalis by some sources, and a distinct muscle by others) The medial pterygoid; The lateral pterygoid; In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint. This is an extremely complex joint which permits ...
Jaw elevators: the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and superior belly of the lateral pterygoid; Jaw depressors; the anterior digastrics, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid
The nerve passes deep to the neck of the mandible [1] - between it and the sphenomandibular ligament [2]: 364 - andthen courses deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle. [1] It issues parotid branches and then turns superiorly, posterior to its head and moving anteriorly, gives off anterior branches to the auricle.
The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted and forms the lateral part of a horseshoe like process that extends from the inferior aspect of the sphenoid bone, and serves as the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle, which functions in allowing the mandible to move in a lateral and medial direction, or from side-to-side.
The lateral pterygoid muscle, auriculotemporal nerve, and the maxillary artery and maxillary vein are situated laterally to the SML (the vessels and nerve coursing betwixt the SML, and the neck of the mandibular condyle [1] [3]). [1] The chorda tympani nerve is situated medially to the SML [1] near its upper end. [citation needed]
The lateral pterygoid nerve (or external pterygoid nerve) is a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. [1] It usually originates as two separate branches that travel near the buccal nerve , and enter the deep surfaces of the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle .