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In these rotary implements, the affinity laws apply both to centrifugal and axial flows. The laws are derived using the Buckingham π theorem . The affinity laws are useful as they allow the prediction of the head discharge characteristic of a pump or fan from a known characteristic measured at a different speed or impeller diameter.
Stiffness of the shaft and its support; Total mass of shaft and attached parts; Unbalance of the mass with respect to the axis of rotation; The amount of damping in the system; In general, it is necessary to calculate the critical speed of a rotating shaft, such as a fan shaft, in order to avoid issues with noise and vibration.
Mechanical load is the physical stress on a mechanical system or component [1] leading to strain. Loads can be static or dynamic. Some loads are specified as part of the design criteria of a mechanical system. Depending on the usage, some mechanical loads can be measured by an appropriate test method in a laboratory or in the field.
The following stresses are induced in the shafts.. Shear stresses due to the transmission of torque (due to torsional load).; Bending stresses (tensile or compressive) due to the forces acting upon the machine elements like gears and pulleys as well as the self weight of the shaft.
Axial run-out causes the tip of the tool or shaft to rotate off-centre relative to the base. Axial run-out will vary according to how far from the base it is measured. In addition, irregular run-out is the result of worn or rough bearings which can manifest itself as either axial or radial run-out.
It is a no-load condition in a gas turbine, turbocharger or industrial axial compressor but overload in an industrial centrifugal compressor. [29] Hiereth et al. [30] shows a turbocharger compressor full-load, or maximum fuelling, curve runs up close to the surge line. A gas turbine compressor full-load line also runs close to the surge line.
A ball bearing. A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
An axial fan is a type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in an axial direction, parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate. The flow is axial at entry and exit. The fan is designed to produce a pressure difference, and hence force, to cause a flow through the fan. Factors which determine the performance of the fan include the ...