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Scratchboard or scraperboard or scratch art [1] is a form of direct engraving where the artist scratches off dark ink to reveal a white or colored layer beneath. The technique uses sharp knives and tools for engraving into the scratchboard, which is usually cardboard covered in a thin layer of white China clay coated with black India ink .
Though not, as frequently asserted, the inventor of wood-engraving, he was the first to recognise that, as the incisions made by the graver on the wood block printed white, the right use of the medium was to base his designs as much as possible on white lines and areas, and so he became the first to use his graver as a drawing instrument and to ...
Some marking knives incorporate a marking knife blade at one end, and a scratch awl tip at the other end – but because of this they are sometimes considered dangerous to use. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] Marking knives are either made from a single piece of steel, or additionally have a handle made of wood or plastic.
Scratch awl. A scratch awl is a woodworking layout and point-making tool. It is used to scribe a line to be followed by a hand saw or chisel when making woodworking joints and other operations. [1] The scratch awl is basically a steel spike with its tip sharpened to a fine point.
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Although digital images captured in color can be modified with a digital black and white process, some specialized cameras photograph natively in black and white with no option for color. [10] Black and white digital cameras are often designed without a Bayer filter, avoiding the demosaicing process and meaning that a camera will only capture ...
From November 2009 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Thomas R. Cech joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 33.5 percent return on your investment, compared to a 36.4 percent return from the S&P 500.
SOURCE: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Western Illinois University (2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010).Read our methodology here.. HuffPost and The Chronicle examined 201 public D-I schools from 2010-2014.