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The audience design framework distinguishes between several kinds of audience types based on three criteria from the perspective of the speaker: known (whether an addressee is known to be part of a speech context), ratified (the speaker acknowledges the listener's presence in the speech context), or addressed (the listener is directly spoken to).
Audience theory offers explanations of how people encounter media, how they use it, and how it affects them. Although the concept of an audience predates modern media, [1] most audience theory is concerned with people’s relationship to various forms of media. There is no single theory of audience, but a range of explanatory frameworks.
Additionally, CAT studies “recipients’ inferences, attributions, and evaluations of, and responses to, them." [1] This means when speakers change their communication style, listeners are interpreting such alterations. For example, when the speaker adjusts their accent to match the listener's, the recipient may interpret this positively ...
This is one of the reasons why mass communication providers often conduct audience research. This way, they can obtain vital information about their target audience so they can formulate their messages accordingly. [42] Schramm's model of mass communication. The blue area is the mass audience.
His model is primarily concerned with public speaking and is made up of five elements: the speaker, the message, the audience, the occasion, and the effect. [71] [73] According to Aristotle's communication model, the speaker wishes to have an effect on the audience, such as persuading them of an opinion or a course of action. The same message ...
Public speaking can often take an educational form, where the speaker transfers knowledge to an audience. TED Talks are an example of educational public speaking. The speakers inform their audience about different topics, such as science, technology, religion, economics, human society, and psychology.
In a study by Knower (1935), [30] hearing a speech when a member of an audience is less effective than hearing it individually. Conversely, a study by Cantril and Allport (1935) [30] suggest that radio may be more effective than print because the individual identifies as part of a larger group of people listening to the same program at the same ...
Three kinds of research make up most audience research: (1) broad surveys and opinion polls (like the famous Nielsen ratings, but also those done by advertisers and by academic researchers) that cover a representative sample of many consumers. (2) small, representative focus groups brought in to react to and discuss a pop culture text.