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[1] [2] [3] There are several theories as to who was the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence: notable candidates are Emperor Yūryaku (r. 456–479) and Emperor Kinmei (r. 539–571), among others. [4] [5] The terms Tennō ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as Nihon ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century AD.
Nominal rulers Effective powers c Foundation–Heian period: Emperors, 660 BC (traditional)–present Emperors Soga clan, 530s–645 Fujiwara clan, 850s–1070 Minamoto clan, 960s–1192 Taira clan, 1160s–1185 Nara Kyoto: Kamakura period: Minamoto no Yoritomo, 1147–1199 Kamakura shōguns (successors of Minamoto clan), 1192–1333
Shogun (English: / ˈ ʃ oʊ ɡ ʌ n / SHOH-gun; [1] Japanese: 将軍, romanized: shōgun, pronounced [ɕoːɡɯɴ] ⓘ), officially sei-i taishōgun (征夷大将軍, "Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians"), [2] was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. [3]
Minamoto no Yoritomo was the first to establish the post of the shōgun as hereditary, receiving the title in 1192. [4] After Yoritomo launched the shogunate, true political power was in the hand of the shōguns , who were mistaken several times for the emperors of Japan by representatives of Western countries.
Originally, the ruler of Japan was known as either 大和大王 / 大君 (Yamato-ōkimi, "Grand King of Yamato"), 倭王 / 倭国王 (Wa-ō/Wakoku-ō, "King of Wa", used externally) or 治天下大王 (Ame-no-shita shiroshimesu ōkimi or Sumera no mikoto, "Grand King who rules all under heaven", used internally) in Japanese and Chinese sources ...
The Empire of Japan, [c] also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the Japanese nation-state [d] that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 until the Constitution of Japan took effect on 3 May 1947. [8] From 1910 to 1945, it included the Japanese archipelago, the Kurils, Karafuto, Korea, and Taiwan.
The Kofun period was a critical stage in Japan's evolution toward a more cohesive and recognized state. This society was most developed in the Kansai Region and the easternmost part of the Inland Sea. Japan's rulers of the time even petitioned the Chinese court for confirmation of royal titles.
Cleveland Clinic is an American nonprofit academic medical center based in Cleveland, Ohio. [2] Owned and operated by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, an Ohio nonprofit corporation, Cleveland Clinic was founded in 1921 by a group of faculty and alumni from the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.