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A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or copy of the file. The throughput is then calculated by dividing the file size by the time to get the throughput in megabits , kilobits , or bits per second.
The round-trip time or ping time is the time from the start of the transmission from the sending node until a response (for example an ACK packet or ping ICMP response) is received at the same node. It is affected by packet delivery time as well as the data processing delay , which depends on the load on the responding node.
In order to calculate the data transmission rate, one must multiply the transfer rate by the information channel width. For example, a data bus eight-bytes wide (64 bits) by definition transfers eight bytes in each transfer operation; at a transfer rate of 1 GT/s, the data rate would be 8 × 10 9 B /s, i.e. 8 GB/s, or approximately 7.45 GiB /s.
The knee frequency is related to the required bandwidth of a channel, and can be related to the 3 db bandwidth of a system by the equation: [8] / Where Tr is the 10% to 90% rise time, and K is a constant of proportionality related to the pulse shape, equal to 0.35 for an exponential rise, and 0.338 for a Gaussian rise.
The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B, respectively.In the context of data-rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet.The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a 1 Mbps connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per ...
The physical layer net bitrate, [12] information rate, [6] useful bit rate, [13] payload rate, [14] net data transfer rate, [9] coded transmission rate, [7] effective data rate [7] or wire speed (informal language) of a digital communication channel is the capacity excluding the physical layer protocol overhead, for example time division ...
Bandwidth (computing), the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path; Channel capacity, an information-theoretic upper bound on the rate at which data can be reliably transmitted, given noise on a channel
The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).