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  2. Thymine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymine

    Thymine (/ ˈ θ aɪ m ɪ n /) (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil.

  3. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    It differs in having an extra amine group, creating a more stable bond to thymine. [3] Adenine and guanine have a fused-ring skeletal structure derived of purine, hence they are called purine bases. [4] The purine nitrogenous bases are characterized by their single amino group (−NH 2), at the C6 carbon in adenine and C2 in guanine. [5]

  4. Guanine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanine

    Guanine, along with adenine and cytosine, is present in both DNA and RNA, whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA, and uracil only in RNA. Guanine has two tautomeric forms, the major keto form (see figures) and rare enol form. [citation needed] It binds to cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. In cytosine, the amino group acts as the ...

  5. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    Both RNA and DNA contain two major purine bases, adenine (A) and guanine (G), and two major pyrimidines. In both DNA and RNA, one of the pyrimidines is cytosine (C). However, DNA and RNA differ in the second major pyrimidine. DNA contains thymine (T) while RNA contains uracil (U).

  6. Five-prime cap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-prime_cap

    In molecular biology, the five-prime cap (5′ cap) is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5′ end of some primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA.This process, known as mRNA capping, is highly regulated and vital in the creation of stable and mature messenger RNA able to undergo translation during protein synthesis.

  7. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    The bases found in RNA and DNA are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Thymine occurs only in DNA and uracil only in RNA. Thymine occurs only in DNA and uracil only in RNA. Using amino acids and protein synthesis , [ 2 ] the specific sequence in DNA of these nucleobase-pairs helps to keep and send coded instructions as genes .

  8. mRNA vaccine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine

    An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen -encoding mRNA into cells , which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus ) or by a ...

  9. Non-canonical base pairing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-canonical_base_pairing

    Here, the N9 atoms of the purines, guanine and adenine, and the N1 atoms of the pyrimidines, cytosine and thymine (uracil in RNA), respectively, form glycosidic linkages with the C1’ atom of the sugars. These nucleobases can be schematically represented as triangles with one of their vertices linked to the sugar, and the three sides ...

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