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  2. Cerebral edema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_edema

    Cerebral edema is a major cause of brain damage and contributes significantly to the mortality of ischemic strokes and traumatic brain injuries. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] As cerebral edema is present with many common cerebral pathologies, the epidemiology of the disease is not easily defined. [ 1 ]

  3. Frontal lobe disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_disorder

    The causes of frontal lobe disorders can be closed head injury. An example of this can be from an accident, which can cause damage to the orbitofrontal cortex area of the brain. [2] Cerebrovascular disease may cause a stroke in the frontal lobe. Tumours such as meningiomas may present with a frontal lobe syndrome. [11]

  4. Hydrocephalus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus

    The symptoms depend on the cause of the blockage, the person's age, and how much brain tissue has been damaged by the swelling. [11] In infants with hydrocephalus, CSF builds up in the central nervous system (CNS), causing the fontanelle (soft spot) to bulge and the head to be larger than expected. Early symptoms may also include: [11]

  5. Pott's puffy tumor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pott's_puffy_tumor

    Pott's puffy tumor can be associated with cortical vein thrombosis, epidural abscess, subdural empyema, and brain abscess. The cause of vein thrombosis is explained by venous drainage of the frontal sinus, which occurs through diploic veins, which communicate with the dural venous plexus; septic thrombi can potentially evolve from foci within ...

  6. Papilledema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilledema

    Hence the pressure is asymmetrical and this causes a pinching and protrusion of the optic nerve at its head. The fibers of the retinal ganglion cells of the optic disc become engorged and bulge anteriorly. Persistent and extensive optic nerve head swelling, or optic disc edema, can lead to loss of these fibers and permanent visual impairment.

  7. High-altitude cerebral edema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_cerebral_edema

    These factors cause the brain to swell with fluid, resulting in severe impairment. [15] If the swelling is untreated, it causes death by brain herniation. [4] The brain swelling is likely a result of vasogenic edema, the penetration of the blood–brain barrier by fluids. [16] This process has been observed in MRI studies.

  8. Diffuse axonal injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_axonal_injury

    High levels of intracellular Ca 2+, the major cause of post-injury cell damage, [30] destroy mitochondria, [11] and trigger phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes that damage Na+ channels and degrade or alter the cytoskeleton and the axoplasm. [31] [26] Excess Ca 2+ can also lead to damage to the blood–brain barrier and swelling of the brain ...

  9. Subgaleal hemorrhage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgaleal_hemorrhage

    The swelling may obscure the fontanel and cross cranial suture lines, distinguishing it from cephalohematoma, [2] in which the bleed is confined by its subperiosteal location. [3] Patients with subgaleal hemorrhage may also have significant hyperbilirubinemia due to resorption of hemolyzed blood. Laboratory studies may demonstrate reduced ...