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According to the Pew Research Center's 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population is not affiliated with a religion, while 84% are affiliated. [12] Furthermore, the global study noted that many of the unaffiliated, which include atheists and agnostics, still have various religious beliefs and practices. [10]
According to sociologists Ariela Keysar and Juhem Navarro-Rivera's 2013 review of numerous global studies on atheism, there are 450 to 500 million positive atheists and agnostics worldwide (7% of the world's population) with China alone accounting for 200 million of that demographic.
Countries with the greatest proportion of people without religion, including agnostics and atheists, from Irreligion by country (as of 2020): [42] Nonreligious population by country as of 2010 [43] Czech Republic 78.4% North Korea 71.3% Estonia 60.2% Hong Kong 54.7% China 51.8% New Zealand 48.2% [44] South Korea 46.6% Latvia 45.3%
With 3.1 children per woman, Muslims have higher fertility levels than the world's overall population between 2010 and 2015. High fertility is a major driver of projected Muslim population growth around the world and in particular regions. [326]
Many people are hesitant to identify as atheists because of social stigma they may face, making it hard to pinpoint connections and differences among this group. Why people are reluctant to call ...
In their 2013 essay, Ariela Keysar and Juhem Navarro-Rivera estimated there were about 450 to 500 million nonbelievers, including both "positive" and "negative" atheists, or approximately 7% of the world population. [50] These estimates come from the International Social Survey Programme 2008 survey in which 40 countries took part. [51]
Respondents to religious-belief polls may define "atheism" differently or draw different distinctions between atheism, non-religious beliefs, and non-theistic religious and spiritual beliefs. [180] A 2010 survey published in Encyclopædia Britannica found that the non-religious made up about 9.6% of the world's population, and atheists about 2.0%.
In 2009, Pew stated that only 5% of the US population did not have a belief in a god and out of that small group only 24% self-identified as "atheist", while 15% self-identified as "agnostic" and 35% self-identified as "nothing in particular". [13] In 2023, Pew stated that 23% of atheists believe in a higher power, but not a god. [14]