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The dam was constructed on the orders of the Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, a 'federal colony' within the British Empire.The double curvature concrete arch dam was designed by Coyne et Bellier and constructed between 1955 and 1959 by Impresit of Italy [2] at a cost of $135,000,000 for the first stage with only the Kariba South power cavern.
The Kariba Dam mostly provided electric power to both countries, created Lake Kariba, the world's largest man-made lake, and flooded the Kariba Gorge - home to thousands of native animals and the local Tonga people. In a wildlife rescue operation lasting 5 years, over 6000 animals were rescued and relocated to the mainland. [1] [2] [3]
Lake Kariba is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) upstream from the mouth of the Zambezi river on the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe .
Kariba Gorge is a large, natural gorge through which flowed the Zambezi River on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, Africa. In 1959 the large double arch concrete Kariba Dam was completed, completely filling the gorge and creating the largest man-made lake in the world. [ 1 ]
Besides plans to upgrade both the Hwange plant and the Kariba dam facility, two new plants are projected, however funding is not secured. Gokwe North Thermal Power Station, near the Sengwa coal fields; Batoka Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station, situated between Victoria Falls and Lake Kariba, a joint venture with Zambia.
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[6] [21] It is expected that the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe and the Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique will protect countries on the lower Zambezi from flooding caused by rainwater in the upper river. [5] The Red Cross is also keeping watch on Severe Tropical Storm Izilda which is heading for Mozambique 's east coast and could cause further flooding there.
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