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  2. Atmospheric entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_entry

    Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as V impact or V entry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. Atmospheric entry may be uncontrolled entry, as in the entry of astronomical objects, space debris, or bolides.

  3. Non-ballistic atmospheric entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ballistic_atmospheric...

    Non-ballistic atmospheric entry is a class of atmospheric entry trajectories that follow a non-ballistic trajectory by employing aerodynamic lift in the high upper atmosphere. It includes trajectories such as skip and glide. [1] [2] Skip is a flight trajectory where the spacecraft goes in and out the atmosphere.

  4. Atmospheric circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation

    Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of ... An idealised view of three large circulation cells showing surface winds Vertical velocity at 500 hPa, July ...

  5. Escape velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity

    In most situations it is impractical to achieve escape velocity almost instantly, because of the acceleration implied, and also because if there is an atmosphere, the hypersonic speeds involved (on Earth a speed of 11.2 km/s, or 40,320 km/h) would cause most objects to burn up due to aerodynamic heating or be torn apart by atmospheric drag. For ...

  6. Omega equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_equation

    The omega equation is a culminating result in synoptic-scale meteorology.It is an elliptic partial differential equation, named because its left-hand side produces an estimate of vertical velocity, customarily [1] expressed by symbol , in a pressure coordinate measuring height the atmosphere.

  7. Primitive equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_equations

    Forces that cause atmospheric motion include the pressure gradient force, gravity, and viscous friction. Together, they create the forces that accelerate our atmosphere. The pressure gradient force causes an acceleration forcing air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure. Mathematically, this can be written as:

  8. Wind speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed

    In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in temperature. Wind speed is now commonly measured with an anemometer .

  9. Log wind profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_wind_profile

    The logarithmic profile of wind speeds is generally limited to the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere (i.e., the surface layer of the atmospheric boundary layer). The rest of the atmosphere is composed of the remaining part of the planetary boundary layer (up to around 1000 m) and the troposphere or free atmosphere.