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  2. Sex linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_linkage

    In X-linked recessive inheritance, a son born to a carrier mother and an unaffected father has a 50% chance of being affected, while a daughter has a 50% chance of being a carrier, however a fraction of carriers may display a milder (or even full) form of the condition due to a phenomenon known as skewed X-inactivation, in which the normal ...

  3. Hardy–Weinberg principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy–Weinberg_principle

    In the simplest case of a single locus with two alleles denoted A and a with frequencies f(A) = p and f(a) = q, respectively, the expected genotype frequencies under random mating are f(AA) = p 2 for the AA homozygotes, f(aa) = q 2 for the aa homozygotes, and f(Aa) = 2pq for the heterozygotes.

  4. Zygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity

    The words homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism at a single locus on the DNA. Homozygous describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles at a given locus, heterozygous describes a genotype consisting of two different alleles at a locus, hemizygous describes a genotype consisting of only a single copy of a particular gene in an ...

  5. XY sex-determination system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system

    The idea is instead of having a simplistic mechanism by which you have pro-male genes going all the way to make a male, in fact there is a solid balance between pro-male genes and anti-male genes and if there is a little too much of anti-male genes, there may be a female born and if there is a little too much of pro-male genes then there will ...

  6. Fabry disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabry_disease

    Fabry disease was first described by dermatologist Johannes Fabry [2] and surgeon William Anderson [3] independently in 1898. [4] It was recognised to be due to abnormal storage of lipids in 1952. In the 1960s, the inheritance pattern was established as being X-linked, as well as the molecular defect responsible for causing the accumulation of ...

  7. Heterozygote advantage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygote_advantage

    Multiple studies have shown, in double-blind experiments, females prefer the scent of males who are heterozygous at all three MHC loci. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The reasons proposed for these findings are speculative; however, it has been argued that heterozygosity at MHC loci results in more alleles to fight against a wider variety of diseases, possibly ...

  8. X-linked recessive inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_inheritance

    X-linked recessive inheritance. X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be always expressed in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for the gene mutation because they have one X and one Y chromosome) and in females who are homozygous for the gene mutation, see zygosity.

  9. X-inactivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-inactivation

    There are many different ways in which the phenotypic variation can play out. In many cases, heterozygous females may be asymptomatic or only present minor symptoms of a given disorder, such as with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. [22] The differentiation of phenotype in heterozygous females is furthered by the presence of X-inactivation skewing.