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Fuller's earth is the most common spelling today, but both fullers earth and fullers' earth remain in wide use. [4] Fuller's earth is also known by the following other names: Bleaching clay, [5] probably because fulling whitened the cloth. Whitening clay, particularly when used to treat facial pigmentation, such as melasma.
Recycled pulp can be bleached with the same chemicals used to bleach virgin pulp, but hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulfite are the most common bleaching agents. Recycled pulp, or paper made from it, is known as PCF (process chlorine free) if no chlorine-containing compounds were used in the recycling process. [20]
Utilization of halogen containing materials in processes such as water treatment, bleaching, or even general synthesis to create the final product, generates a number of organic halides. These organic halides are released in wastewater from the oil, chemical, and paper industries, [ 1 ] and find their way to the consumer and eventually to a ...
Although heap leaching is a low cost-process, it normally has recovery rates of 60-70%. It is normally most profitable with low-grade ores. Higher-grade ores are usually put through more complex milling processes where higher recoveries justify the extra cost. The process chosen depends on the properties of the ore. The final product is cathode ...
Recycled pulp can be bleached with the same chemicals used to bleach virgin pulp, but hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulfite are the most common bleaching agents. Recycled pulp, or paper made from it, is known as PCF (process chlorine free) if no chlorine-containing compounds were used in the recycling process. [73]
The deinking and recycling of paper require less bleaching, resulting in processed chlorine-free (PCF) pulp. The 1990 Earth Day catalyzed the tree-free paper movement, leading to increased use of alternative fibers like kenaf, hemp, bamboo, agricultural residues, and textile industry scraps.
Recycling can be carried out on various raw materials. Recycling is an important part of creating more sustainable economies , reducing the cost and environmental impact of raw materials. Not all materials are easily recycled, and processing recyclable into the correct waste stream requires considerable energy.
Biological substances can experience leaching themselves, [2] as well as be used for leaching as part of the solvent substance to recover heavy metals. [6] Many plants experience leaching of phenolics, carbohydrates, and amino acids, and can experience as much as 30% mass loss from leaching, [5] just from sources of water such as rain, dew, mist, and fog. [2]