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md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes, as described in RFC 1321. The MD5 hash functions as a compact digital fingerprint of a ...
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321.
This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.
File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum.This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.
In data storage and retrieval applications, the use of a hash function is a trade-off between search time and data storage space. If search time were unbounded, then a very compact unordered linear list would be the best medium; if storage space were unbounded, then a randomly accessible structure indexable by the key-value would be very large ...
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Robert D. Beyer joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -3.9 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
A decade ago, the SEC was a football-first conference. Today, it is unquestionably the strongest basketball conference in the country.
From November 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Larry R. Carter joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 13.8 percent return on your investment, compared to a 56.5 percent return from the S&P 500.