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Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate.It is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
Photo: negative (left) with ethanol and positive with t-butanol. Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic beverages . The Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols .
Common name Structure Type IUPAC name Boiling point (°C) [3] 1-pentanol or normal amyl alcohol primary Pentan-1-ol: 138.5 2-methyl-1-butanol or active amyl alcohol primary 2-Methylbutan-1-ol: 128.7 3-methyl-1-butanol or isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol primary 3-Methylbutan-1-ol: 131.2 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol or neopentyl alcohol primary
The effect of the tert-butyl group on the progress of a chemical reaction is called the Thorpe–Ingold effect illustrated in the Diels-Alder reaction below. Compared to a hydrogen substituent, the tert-butyl substituent accelerates the reaction rate by a factor of 240. [2] tert-Butyl effect. The tert-butyl effect is an example of steric hindrance.
1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C 4 H 9 OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.
1-Butanol (n-Butanol) 2-Butanol (sec-Butanol) Isobutanol (2-methylpropan-1-ol) tert-Butyl alcohol (tert-Butanol, 2-methylpropanol) Ethers: Diethyl ether (ethoxyethane) Methyl propyl ether (methoxypropane, 1-methoxypropane) Methyl isopropyl ether or isopropyl methyl ether (2-methoxypropane)
The R is the functional group attached to a tertiary carbon. If the functional group was an OH group, this compound would be commonly called tert-butanol or t-butanol. When a functional group is attached to a tertiary carbon, the prefix -tert (-t) is used in the common name for the compound. [4] An example of this is shown in the figure.