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The Alcohol Timeline Followback Method (TLFB) is a tool developed in 1970 by Linda Carter Sobell and Mark B. Sobell used to assess an individual's alcohol intake. It evaluates an individual's daily drinking and then provides a report of an individual's drinking pattern.
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 ...
Moderate alcohol consumption is typically defined as no more than one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. To put this into perspective, a standard drink is: 12 ounces of ...
Peak blood alcohol concentrations may be estimated by dividing the amount of ethanol ingested by the body weight of the individual and correcting for water dilution. [4] For time-dependent calculations, Swedish professor Erik Widmark developed a model of alcohol pharmacokinetics in the 1920s. [ 120 ]
After cessation of alcohol intake, the half-life of PEth is between 4.5 and 10 days in the first week and between 5 and 12 days in the second week. [2] As a blood marker PEth is more sensitive than carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS). [8]
It is one of three isomeric fluoronitrobenzenes. [2] A yellow oil, it is prepared from 4-nitrochlorobenzene using the Halex process: O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + KF → O 2 NC 6 H 4 F + KCl. 4-Fluoronitrobenzene can be hydrogenated to give 4-fluoroaniline, [3] which is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide and parafluorofentanyl.
Fluorobenzenes are a group of aryl fluorides/halobenzenes consisting of one or more fluorine atoms as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C 6 H 6–n F n, where n = 1–6 is the number of fluorine atoms.
In contrast, the boiling points of PhF and benzene are very similar, differing by only 4 °C. It is considerably more polar than benzene, with a dielectric constant of 5.42 compared to 2.28 for benzene at 298 K. [4] Fluorobenzene is a relatively inert compound reflecting the strength of the C–F bond.