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An apportionment method always encourages schisms if the coalition receives at most + seats (in other words, it is merge-proof - two parties cannot gain a seat by merging). Among the divisor methods: [7]: Thm.9.1, 9.2, 9.3 Jefferson's method is the unique split-proof divisor method;
Since 1941, this method has been used to apportion the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives following the completion of each decennial census. [2] [3] The method minimizes the relative difference in the number of constituents represented by each legislator. In other words, the method selects the allocation such that no ...
Article One, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution initially provided: . Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians ...
Of these, four are apportioned to the two constituencies representing the Portuguese expats, each getting two members: Europe and Outside Europe respectively. The remaining 226 members are apportioned proportionally by number of electors, according to the d'Hondt method , among the 18 districts in mainland Portugal and the two archipelagoes ...
The basis for apportionment may be out of date. For example, in the United States, apportionment follows the decennial census. The states conducted the 2010 elections with districts apportioned according to the 2000 Census. The lack of accuracy does not justify the present cost and perceived intrusion of a new census before each biennial election.
An example of the apportionment paradox known as "the Alabama paradox" was discovered in the context of United States congressional apportionment in 1880, [1]: 228–231 when census calculations found that if the total number of seats in the House of Representatives were hypothetically increased, this would decrease Alabama's seats from 8 to 7.
The Clerk of the Senate, after the election of Senators, shall assign desks to the individual Senators with the Senators elected as members of the majority party in the Senate in the chamber area beginning at the north side of the chamber until all such desks have been assigned, and then the Senators elected as members of the minority party in ...
A majority of the states did ratify the Congressional Apportion Amendment and, by the end of 1791, the amendment was just one state short of adoption. However, no state has ratified the amendment since 1792. The amendment lays out a mathematical formula for determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives.