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Since 1941, this method has been used to apportion the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives following the completion of each decennial census. [2] [3] The method minimizes the relative difference in the number of constituents represented by each legislator. In other words, the method selects the allocation such that no ...
When the agents are political parties, they often split or merge. How such splitting/merging affects the apportionment will impact political fragmentation . Suppose a certain apportionment method gives two agents i , j {\displaystyle i,j} some a i , a j {\displaystyle a_{i},a_{j}} seats respectively, and then these two agents form a coalition ...
The Hare quota is more generous to less-popular parties and the Droop quota to more-popular parties. Specifically, the Hare quota is unbiased in the number of seats it hands out, and so is more proportional than the Droop quota (which tends to give more seats to larger parties). The Hare suffers the disproportionality that it sometimes ...
A majority of the states did ratify the Congressional Apportion Amendment and, by the end of 1791, the amendment was just one state short of adoption. However, no state has ratified the amendment since 1792. The amendment lays out a mathematical formula for determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives.
For some equations involving mixed derivatives, the equation does not separate as easily as the heat equation did in the first example above, but nonetheless separation of variables may still be applied. Consider the two-dimensional biharmonic equation
It happens sometimes to even the most productive of us: 3 p.m. rolls around, and suddenly our eyes feel heavy and our bodies crave some couch time.
The concrete markers also caused more damage than metal posts when struck by cars and presented maintenance problems: "Every two to three years we had to repaint them and re-stencil the street ...
An example of the apportionment paradox known as "the Alabama paradox" was discovered in the context of United States congressional apportionment in 1880, [1]: 228–231 when census calculations found that if the total number of seats in the House of Representatives were hypothetically increased, this would decrease Alabama's seats from 8 to 7.