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The history of Hazara people in Pakistan dates back to the 1840s, when Hazara tribesmen from Hazarajat began migration to colonial India because of persecution by Pashtuns. Many Hazaras were enlisted in the British Indian Army , beginning with enlistment into the Presidency armies during the First Anglo-Afghan War .
Sher Muhammad Khan Hazara, a Sunni Hazara and chieftain of the Hazaras of Qala-e-Naw, Badghis, was a warlord who participated in the Sunni coalition that defended Herat in 1837. He was also one of those who defeated British forces around Qandahar and in the Maiwand desert during the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842).
Kuchi–Hazara conflict, also called the Kuchi–Hazara dispute, is the series of conflicts between Kuchis and Hazaras over the lands in Hazarajat, the central highlands of Afghanistan, since the early 18th century. After the establishment of new Afghan Government, these conflicts have turned into war between Hazaras and Kuchis.
Hazara farmers were often forced to give up their property to Pashtuns and as a result, many Hazara families had to leave seasonally to the major cities in Afghanistan, Iran, or Pakistan to find jobs and a source of income. Quetta in Pakistan is home to the third largest settlements of Hazara outside Afghanistan.
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan as of 1997. Afghanistan is a multiethnic and mostly tribal society. The population of the country consists of numerous ethnolinguistic groups: mainly the Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, and Uzbek, as well as the minorities of Aimaq, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai, Nuristani, Gujjar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Pamiri, Kyrgyz, Moghol, and others.
During this time, the Hazaras were set apart from Afghanistan's other ethnic groups due to their status as Shia rather than Sunni Muslims. [5] As a Sunni Muslim and a member of the Pashtun majority, Abdul Rahman Khan encouraged violence against the Hazaras. [5] This genocide of the Hazaras was also perpetrated by Pashtun religious leaders.
The advocacy for Pashtun rights, such as by the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), has occasionally resulted in accusations of marginalisation or misrepresentation of Pashtuns in official narratives. [3] [4] In Afghanistan, tensions have been reported between Pashtuns and other ethnic groups, particularly in regions dominated by Tajiks and Hazaras.
The massacre of Hazaras in Mazar-i-Sharif: Mazar-i-Sharif-Balkh Province: Taliban, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin: 2,000 [10] [11] to 20,000 [12] Taliban forces by aid of Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin attacked to vast number of Hazaras, after arriving to Mazar-i-Sharif [13] Between 1999 and 2000 The massacre of Hazaras in Sar-e Pol Province: Sar-e Pol ...