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In the human body, the tarsus (pl.: tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus. It is made up of the midfoot (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, and navicular) and hindfoot (talus and calcaneus).
Skeleton of foot. Lateral aspect. The lateral arch is composed of the calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals. [1]Two notable features of this arch are its solidity and its slight elevation.
The talus is the second largest of the tarsal bones; [4] it is also one of the bones in the human body with the highest percentage of its surface area covered by articular cartilage. It is also unusual in that it has a retrograde blood supply, i.e. arterial blood enters the bone at the distal end. [citation needed]
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges . Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe ): the first , second , third , fourth , and fifth ...
Accessory bones amidst tarsals. Three proximal bones. Humans hold all three in their hands. In the foot, the middle proximal appears in 5–15% of people as an os trigonum and can be involved in foot pain. [1] Centrale or os centrale, is on the medial side.
The term navicular bone or hand navicular bone was formerly used for the scaphoid bone, [1] one of the carpal bones of the wrist. The navicular bone in humans is located on the medial side of the foot , and articulates proximally with the talus , distally with the three cuneiform bones , and laterally with the cuboid .
A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms ( humerus , ulna , radius ) and legs ( femur , tibia , fibula ), as well as in the fingers ( metacarpals , phalanges ) and toes ( metatarsals , phalanges).
The base is the part closest to the ankle and the head is closest to the big toe. The narrowed part in the middle is referred to as the body of the bone. The bone is somewhat flattened, giving it two sides: the plantar (towards the sole of the foot) and the dorsal side (the area facing upwards while standing). [1]