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Roughly 2% of all hydrocarbons fixed in photosynthesis are converted into flavonoids and their derivatives, such as the anthocyanins. Not all land plants contain anthocyanin; in the Caryophyllales (including cactus, beets, and amaranth), they are replaced by betalains. Anthocyanins and betalains have never been found in the same plant. [10] [11]
This class of pigments is found only in the Caryophyllales (including cactus and amaranth), and never co-occur in plants with anthocyanins. [5] Betalains are responsible for the deep red color of beets. Anthocyanins (literally "flower blue") are water-soluble flavonoid pigments that appear red to blue, according to pH. They occur in all tissues ...
Protocyanin is a blue pigment of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus). It is composed from succinylcyanin (anthocyanin), malonylflavone (co-pigment), iron and magnesium anions, and two calcium ions to stabilize the complex. Interesting is that the same anthocyanin when is not in complex with the metal ions is present in red rose petals. [8]
Centaurea cyanus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Centaurea Species: C. cyanus Binomial name Centaurea cyanus L. Centaurea cyanus (introduced species) near Peshastin, Chelan County, Washington Centaurea cyanus, commonly known as cornflower or bachelor's button, is an ...
Anthocyanins and flavonoids located in the cell vacuoles are responsible for other colors of pigment. [ 1 ] The term "chromoplast" is occasionally used to include any plastid that has pigment, mostly to emphasize the difference between them and the various types of leucoplasts , plastids that have no pigments.
Cyanidin is a natural organic compound.It is a particular type of anthocyanidin (glycoside version called anthocyanins).It is a pigment found in many red berries including grapes, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, chokeberry, cranberry, elderberry, hawthorn, loganberry, açai berry and raspberry. [1]
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The plant is also grown for its dye in northern China. [7] Additional uses of the colourant include making preparatory designs on cloth before dyeing with other pigments. [3] Commelinin, the blue pigment from the flowers of C. communis, is a metalloanthocyanin. It is a complex of 4 Mg 2+ ions chelating six anthocyanin molecules. [21]